This translation of Targum Onkelos will enable English readers to investigate the accepted ancient Jewish interpretation of the Torah. Appart from the Greek LXX, the Targum Onkelos is one of the earliest Jewish translations of the Pentateuch and is essential for understanding the ancient Jewish views on the Bible. Targum Onkelos is the primary Jewish Aramaic targum (translation) of the Torah, accepted as an authoritative translated text of the Pentateuch. It is said to have been written in the early second century CE., although scholars believe that it was later edited in Babylon in the 4th-5th centuries C.E. Examples of important differences between Targum Onkelos and the Masoretic Text may be found in e.g.: Genesis 2:7 Targum Onkelos: "...and it became in Adam a Discoursing Spirit" vs. Masoretic Text "...and man became a living soul." Genesis 3:5 Targum Onkelos: "...and you shall be as the Great-ones" vs. Masoretic Text "...and you shall be like gods." Genesis 3:15 Targum Onkelos: "...He will remember thee, what thou didst to him (at) from the beginning, and thou shalt be observant unto him at the end." vs. Masoretic Text "...he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel." Such differences are found in key-passages throughout the Torah and aids our understanding of the Jewish interpretation of the Pentateuch.

Von Gall's critical edition of the Samaritan Pentateuch: Volumes 4 & 5 - Numbers + Deuteronomy. Also includes a basic introduction (in German) and table of contents for all 5 volumes. Contents: The Hebrew text of the Samaritan Pentateuch in the standard square script (not vowel pointed).3 in-depth apparatuses on every page, detailing variants and agreements among the sources, as well as vowel points in the Samaritan manuscripts. A very important work for the study of Textual Criticism, especially with regards to the Samaritan version of the Torah. (Purchase volume 1 separately for a detailed introduction in German, explaining the background of the work.)

Originally published in 1927. Note: This edition does not include a Hebrew transcript. An English translation of the Du Tillet Hebrew Gospel of Matthew. Includes an introduction which details: The history of the Hebrew manuscript Interesting readings in the Hebrew text Agreements between the Du Tillet Hebrew Matthew and the Old Syriac Gospels This book also includes two appendices concerning the Gospels in Hebrew and Aramaic. Schonfield demonstrates the importance of the Hebrew Gospel of Matthew with regards to reclaiming and ascertaining the original text and meaning of the Gospel, and concludes: "...the writer feels convinced that it may worthily rank with other ancient versions, and that scholars will now be able to quote the Old Hebrew alongside the Old Latin and Old Syriac among their witnesses to the Sacred Text."

This version of the Textus Receptus is based on three historic editions (Stephen's 1550; Elzevir 1624; Scrivener 1881) and indicate all major differences between them in the footnotes. Includes accents and punctuation for easy reading. The Textus Receptus is the textform of the Greek New Testament that was published with little variation in various editions from the sixteenth century through the nineteenth century. It receives its name from the Elzevir edition of 1633, which describes it as "textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum" ("the text we have, now received by all"). There are four great editors in the history of the Textus Receptus: Desiderius Erasmus, who published five editions of the text between 1516 and 1535; Robert Estienne (also known as Stephanus), who published four editions between 1546 and 1551; Theodore Beza, who published five editions between 1565 and 1604; and the House of Elzevir, which published four editions between 1624 and 1679. A fifth editor is also worthy of mention, namely Frederick H. A. Scrivener, who in 1881 published a Greek text presumed to be underlying the Authorized Version of 1611. Other lesser known and less influential editions include the Complutensian Polyglot (printed in 1514 but not published until about 1522), an edition printed by Simon de Colines in 1534, an edition printed by Oxford Press in 1825; and the Greek text of Dr. Johann M. A. Scholz printed in the English Hexapla of 1841. This present edition has been prepared by collating Stephanus' third edition (1550), Elzevirs' first edition (1624), and Scrivener's first edition (1881). To avoid the individual idiosyncrasies of any one particular edition, whenever there is a variant among these three editions, the variant supported by two of the editions has been adopted, while the variant supported by the third edition has been footnoted.* Apart from a few exceptions, variants based solely on accent marks, iota subscript, punctuation, or word division have neither been compared nor footnoted. Read more

A basic and easy to understand Grammar of New Testament Greek with 37 exercises. This special edition also includes the answers key in the same volume. This book is intended principally for those who wish to take up the study of Greek with a view to reading the Greek New Testament. Generally speaking, it is concerned only with such words and forms as are found in New Testament Greek. The words used in the exercises are those which occur frequently in the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: they are collected in vocabularies at the end of the book, and it is believed that, if these vocabularies are carefully committed to memory, the student will find himself supplied with such words as are necessary to enable him to read these portions of the New Testament with ease and rapidity. The author attaches great importance to the accurate knowledge of the meanings of the most common words as an aid to the thorough and rapid acquirement of a language. Fortunately the words used in the Gospels and in the Acts are comparatively few, and this fact together with the simplicity of their style makes these books in many respects very suitable first reading books even for those who do not intend to limit their study of the Greek language to the New Testament.

An in-depth investigation of the ancient Syriac Gospels. Very valuable for anyone interested in the Aramaic New Testament, Textual Criticism and transmission, and the Eastern Church. DURING the greater part of the first nine centuries of our Era the language commonly used in the Valley of the Euphrates and the neighbouring provinces was the dialect of Aramaic which we call Syriac. The literary headquarters of the Syriac-speaking Church was the city of Edessa (in Syriac Urhaii), which also had been the centre from which Christianity spread in all that region. The beginnings of Christianity at Edessa are lost in legend, but it is certain that the new religion was well established there before the city was absorbed into the Roman Empire during the reign of Caracalla (AD 216). The political independence of the little state accounts for the early translation of the Scriptures into the vernacular of the Euphrates Valley. About the year 420 AD the Gospel was extant in Syriac in three forms: The Peshitta; the Diatessaron of Titan; and the Old Syriac Gospels, called Evangelion Da-Mepharreshe.' The main object of the following pages is to trace the history of the Evangelion Da-Mepharreshe, and to determine as far as possible its relations to the Diatessaron and to the Peshitta. Originally published as: EVANGELION DA-MEPHARRESHE The Curetonian Version of the four Gospels, with the readings of the Sinai Palimpsest and the early Syriac Patristic evidence, edited, collected and arranged by F. Crawford Burkitt Volume II: Introduction and Notes

This is a reprint of Scrivener's classical "Textus Receptus," which is in reality an edited version of the Beza Textus Receptus - adjusted to conform to the readings adopted by the Authorised King James Version. This edition should not be confused with Scrivener's earlier printings of Stephanus' Textus Receptus. This book includes a thorough introduction in English, as well as an appendix with a list of differences between the presumed text of the Authorised Version versus Beza's Textus Receptus. Furthermore, all cases where the presumed text of the Authorised Version and the Revised Version seemed to differ, variants are noted in the footnotes. As such, Scrivener's Textus Receptus is the perfect version of the Greek New Testament to read alongside the Authorised or Revised versions, and will also be useful for anyone interested in the Textual Criticism and/or Emendations adopted in the Revised Version.

Von Gall's critical edition of the Samaritan Pentateuch: Volumes 2 & 3 - Exodus + Leviticus Contents: The Hebrew text of the Samaritan Pentateuch in the standard square script (not vowel pointed).3 in-depth apparatuses on every page, detailing variants and agreements among the sources, as well as vowel points in the Samaritan manuscripts. A very important work for the study of Textual Criticism, especially with regards to the Samaritan version of the Torah. (Purchase volume 1 separately for an introduction in German, explaining the background of the work.)

BEZAE CODEX CANTABRIGIENSIS This book contains a complete transcript of the Greek and Latin Text of the Bezae Codex, as well as an extensive introduction in English. From the introduction: "The Greek text... we believe to bear distinct traces of an origin far more remote. Itself immediately derived from a manuscript... [of which the origin] would most likely belong to the third century at the latest. In respect, moreover, to its rare and peculiar readings, the close resemblance of Codex Bezae to the text of the Syriac versions (with which it could hardly have been compared later than the second century), and to that of the Old Latin, yet unrevised by Jerome, as employed by Cyprian and Augustine in Africa, by the translator of Irenaeus, by Hilary and Lucifer and Ambrose in the North-west, - such resemblance (far too constant to be the result of chance) persuades us to regard with the deepest interest this venerable monument of Christian learning..."

This is a reprint of Jacob Ben Chayyim's Hebrew Tanach, as compiled by C.D. Ginsburg with footnotes which indicate variants from early printings, manuscripts, and ancient versions like the LXX. The text and all the notes are in Hebrew. Unlike other commonly used editions of the Ben Chayyim text, this special edition has the text printed in a large and easy-to-read format! The Ben Chayyim Text is considered the Textus Receptus of the Old Testament, and is the official traditional Hebrew version of the Tanakh. The Text itself is based upon that of the first edition of Jacob ben Chajim's Massoretic Recension, printed by Bomberg, at Venice, in the year I524-1525.No variations, however strongly supported by Hebrew MSS. and Ancient Versions, are introduced in the Text itself, which has been compiled strictly in accordance with the Massora collected from the MSS.All variations are relegated entirely to the margin.While the modern divisions of chapters and verses are noted for the sake of convenience, the Text is arranged according to the ancient chapters and sectional divisions of the Massora and the MSS., which are thus restored.It uniformly reproduces the Dageshed and Raphed letters, which are found in all the best Massoretic MSS., but which have been omitted in all the current printed editions of the Hebrew Bible. 6. The ancient Massoretic chapters, called Sedar-im, are also indicated throughout in the margin against their respective places. Volume I: Genesis - 2nd Kings.

KENNICOTT'S CRITICAL EDDITION OF THE MASORETIC TEXT Benjamin Kennicott produced the first critical edition of the Masoretic Text, with variants from 615 Hebrew manuscripts and 52 early printed editions. This book (Volume 2) also contains Kennicott's "General Dissertation on the Hebrew Old Testament with Various Readings, from Manuscript and Printed Codices" in which he details his perspective on the history of the Hebrew Bible. (Note: The Dissertation is in Latin.) Because Kennicott's critical edition contains a magnitude of information, collated from hundreds of Hebrew manuscripts, it is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the study of the Masoretic text. It also bears witness to the incredible care and precision by which the Masoretic preserved the Hebrew text of the Bible. Volume II: Isaiah - Second Chronicles.

Volume 2 contains the text-critical notes for Targum Onkelos of the Torah, as well as other information and an index. It is important for those who want to go beyond simply reading the Aramaic Text to also studying the text in depth, with variants from other manuscripts, etc. IMPORTANT: Although many of the notes contain alternative readings in Aramaic, the explanations are all given in German. This book is a reproduction with reasonable clarity (about 99% legible). The text does contain some pen markings by readers of the original book. The actual Text of Targum Onkelos is available separately in Volume 1. Targum Onkelos is the primary Jewish Aramaic targum (translation) of the Torah, accepted as an authoritative translated text of the Pentateuch. It is said to have been written in the early second century CE., although scholars believe that it was later edited in Babylon in the 4th-5th centuries C.E. Targum Onkelos is the accepted ancient Jewish translation of the Torah into Aramaic. Appart from the Greek LXX, Targum Onkelos is one of the earliest Jewish translations of the Pentateuch and is essential for understanding the ancient Jewish views on the Bible.