Targum Onkelos is the accepted ancient Jewish translation of the Torah into Aramaic. This edition contains the Aramaic Targum in a literal English translation. Appart from the Greek LXX, the Targum Onkelos is one of the earliest Jewish translations of the Pentateuch and is essential for understanding the ancient Jewish views on the Bible. Targum Onkelos is the primary Jewish Aramaic targum (translation) of the Torah, accepted as an authoritative translated text of the Pentateuch. It is said to have been written in the early second century CE., although scholars believe that it was later edited in Babylon in the 4th-5th centuries C.E. Examples of important differences between Targum Onkelos and the Masoretic Text may be found in e.g.: Genesis 2:7 Targum Onkelos: "...and it became in Adam a Discoursing Spirit" vs. Masoretic Text "...and man became a living soul." Genesis 3:5 Targum Onkelos: "...and you shall be as the Great-ones" vs. Masoretic Text "...and you shall be like gods." Genesis 3:15 Targum Onkelos: "...He will remember thee, what thou didst to him (at) from the beginning, and thou shalt be observant unto him at the end." vs. Masoretic Text "...he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel." Such differences are found in key-passages throughout the Torah and aids our understanding of the Jewish interpretation of the Pentateuch.

This is a reprint of Jacob Ben Chayyim's Hebrew Tanach, as compiled by C.D. Ginsburg with footnotes which indicate variants from early printings, manuscripts, and ancient versions like the LXX. The text and all the notes are in Hebrew. Unlike other commonly used editions of the Ben Chayyim text, this special edition has the text printed in a large and easy-to-read format! The Ben Chayyim Text is considered the Textus Receptus of the Old Testament, and is the official traditional Hebrew version of the Tanakh. The Text itself is based upon that of the first edition of Jacob ben Chajim's Massoretic Recension, printed by Bomberg, at Venice, in the year I524-1525.No variations, however strongly supported by Hebrew MSS. and Ancient Versions, are introduced in the Text itself, which has been compiled strictly in accordance with the Massora collected from the MSS.All variations are relegated entirely to the margin.While the modern divisions of chapters and verses are noted for the sake of convenience, the Text is arranged according to the ancient chapters and sectional divisions of the Massora and the MSS., which are thus restored.It uniformly reproduces the Dageshed and Raphed letters, which are found in all the best Massoretic MSS., but which have been omitted in all the current printed editions of the Hebrew Bible. 6. The ancient Massoretic chapters, called Sedar-im, are also indicated throughout in the margin against their respective places. Volume II: Isaiah - 2nd Chronicles.

Marcus Jastrow's Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary is an indispensable tool for any student or scholar studying Hebrew and Aramaic literature. This is a special edition which inclues the entire multi-volume dictionary, with all entries from Aleph - Tav in one book (9 pt. font). It also includes the errata and index. In his two-volume work, Jastrow covers all the Hebrew words attested in the Mishnah and Midrashim, as well as all the Aramaic words found in the Talmud and Targums. This massive corpus of information is very well crafted, with thousands of references to the Tanach, Talmud, and Midrashim. It also includes variant spellings and alternative pronunciations of the Hebrew and Aramaic lemmas. Whether you are studying the Midrashim, Talmud, or the Aramaic Targums - Jastrow's Dictionary a worthwhile investment.

This book covers the main elements of Hebrew Syntax. It is indented to help students who have already learned the basics of Hebrew to dig deeper and gain more experience in reading the Hebrew Bible. This book covers all the main components of the Hebrew Language: Pronouns; Nouns; Verbs; and various types of sentences. TABLE OF CONTENTS SYNTAX OF THE PRONOUN Personal Pronoun Demonstrative Pronoun Interrogative Pronoun Relative Pronoun Other Pronominal Expressions SYNTAX OF THE NOUN Gender Number Case Determination. The Article The Genitive. Construct Nominal Apposition The Adjective The Adjective. Comparison The Numerals SYNTAX OF THE VERB The Perfect The Imperfect Imperfect with Strong Vav Perfect with Strong Vav Perf. and Impf. with Light Vav The Moods The Moods with Light Vav GOVERNMENT OF THE VERB. THE ACCUSATIVE Absolute Object Free Subordination of Words in Acc. Accusative of Direct Object Verbs with two Acc. of the Obj. p x Construction of the Passive Subordination of one Verb to another Infinitive Absolute Infinitive Construct The Participle Subordination by Prepositions SYNTAX OF THE SENTENCE The Sentence itself Nominal Sentence Verbal Sentence Compound Sentence Expression of Subject Complement of Verbal Sentence Agreement of Subj. and Pred. PARTICULAR KINDS OF SENTENCE Interjectional Sentence Affirmative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Negative Sentence Conditional Sentence Optative Sentence Conjunctive Sentence Circumstantial Clause Relative Sentence Temporal Sentence Subject and Object Sentence Causal Sentence Final Sentence Consequential Sentence Comparative Sentence Disjunctive Sentence Restrictive, Exceptive, &c., Sentence INDEX OF SUBJECTS From the preface: The main principles of Syntax are printed in larger type, and the less common, poetical or anomalous, usages thrown into the form of notes. The illustrative examples, at least the earlier ones in each case, have been taken as much as possible from the classical prose, but references have been multiplied, partly in order that the principle illustrated may be seen in various connexions, and partly under the impression that the references might be useful in forming exercises for Prose Composition; and the purposes of composition have been had in view in the form given to a number of the sections. Several points in Syntax are still involved in some obscurity, such as the use of the Imperfect, and its interchange with other tenses, especially in poetry; and the use of the Jussive, particularly in later writings. What has been said on these points, if it do nothing more, will make intelligible the state of the question regarding them. For fuller details Canon Driver�s special work on the Tenses should be consulted. From the assumption, perhaps, that the Predicate is the principal element in the sentence, Arabic Grammars usually begin Syntax with the Verb, and this order has been followed in some recent Hebrew Grammars. It may be disputed which order is the more logical in analysing the sentence. The order here followed, Pronoun, Noun, Verb, and Sentence, was adopted partly for the sake of simplicity, and partly to make the book run somewhat parallel to the Introductory Grammar, in the hope that the two might occasionally be read simultaneously. In order to avoid repetition, treatment of Infinitive and Participle, which have both a nominal and verbal character, was postponed till the sections on the Government of the Verb had been completed.

Benjamin Kennicott produced the first critical edition of the Masoretic Text, with variants from 615 Hebrew manuscripts and 52 early printed editions. His publication also includes the Samaritan version of the Torah in parallel columns to the Masoretic text, and all variants are indicated. Because Kennicott's critical edition contains a magnitude of information, collated from hundreds of Hebrew manuscripts, it is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the study of the Masoretic text. It also bears witness to the incredible care and precision by which the Masoretic preserved the Hebrew text of the Bible. Originally published as "Vetus Testamentum hebraicum cum variis lectionibus" - "The Hebrew Old Testament with variant readings." Volume I: Genesis - Second Kings

Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar is the definitive Grammer for the study of Biblical Hebrew. This edition is the English translation of the last significant revision of Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar. Refer to the prefaces for more information about the earlier editions. This grammar is a good and in-depth Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, while Rabbinic Hebrew is mentioned (by the term NH � "New Hebrew") only occasionally. It has no information about Modern Israeli Hebrew. Despite some minor shortcomings, even in the 21st century Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar remains one of the most important scientific sources on the grammar of Hebrew.

JONATHAN BEN UZIEL, the author of the Aramaic Translation of the major and minor Prophets lived thirty years before the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ. He was a disciple of Hillel. This author is held by the Jews in the highest esteem. His Translation is considered by the Synagogue as inspired. This Aramaic Translation contains the doctrines of Christianity, expressed and enforced in the plainest language. The unprejudiced Jew by reading this Aramaic Targum in English Translation will see, that we Christians believe in no other salvation, than that which their fathers expected the Messiah should bring. If the doctrines of Jonathan Ben Uziel are considered by the Synagogue to be inspired, it follows that the present Jewish faith cannot be the faith of their fathers. We beg every Israelite to emancipate himself from all imbibed prejudices, and to search the Scriptures with the Translation of Jonathan Ben Uziel in his hands, that he may see whether our Christian faith is not the faith of their fathers, before it degenerated through the traditions of the elders.

Von Gall's critical edition of the Samaritan Pentateuch: Volume 1 - Genesis + Introduction. Contents: The Hebrew text of the Samaritan Pentateuch in the standard square script (not vowel pointed). 3 in-depth apparatuses on every page, detailing variants and agreements among the sources, as well as vowel points in the Samaritan manuscripts. An introduction in German, explaining the background of the work. A very important work for the study of Textual Criticism, especially with regards to the Samaritan version of the Torah.